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1031 Exchange Calculator

Capital gains tax deferred via a Section 1031 like-kind real estate exchange, including boot.

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Last reviewed 2026-08-30

About the 1031 Exchange Calculator

Estimates the capital gains tax deferred by using a US IRC Section 1031 like-kind real estate exchange instead of simply selling — modeling the 'boot' that becomes immediately taxable if you don't reinvest all your equity and debt into the replacement property.

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How to use it
  1. Enter the Adjusted basis and Sale price of the property you're relinquishing.
  2. Enter any debt paid off at closing, and your assumed capital gains rate.
  3. Enter the Replacement property's price and any new debt you're taking on it.
  4. Read the deferred tax, any taxable boot, and the substituted basis in your replacement property.
Formula
Realized gain = Sale price − Adjusted basis. Boot = max(0, (Sale price − Debt paid off) − (Replacement price − New debt)). Gain recognized now = min(Boot, Realized gain). Gain deferred = Realized gain − Gain recognized now. Substituted basis = Replacement price − Gain deferred.
Worked example

Basis $200,000, sale price $500,000, $100,000 mortgage paid off, replacement property $550,000 with $150,000 in new debt, 20% assumed rate: equity out ($400,000) equals equity in ($400,000), so boot is $0 and the full $300,000 gain is deferred — $60,000 in tax deferred.

Interpreting your result

This is a simplified estimate, not tax or legal advice. It ignores selling/closing costs, depreciation recapture (taxed separately, up to 25%), and state-specific rules. A real 1031 exchange requires identifying replacement property within 45 days of the sale, closing within 180 days, and running the entire transaction through a qualified intermediary.

Recommendations
  • The 45-day identification and 180-day closing deadlines are strict and start the day your relinquished property closes.
  • Any cash you take out of the exchange becomes taxable boot immediately.
  • Depreciation recapture on the relinquished property isn't deferred the same way as the capital gain.
Frequently asked questions
Boot is any cash or net debt relief you receive out of the exchange instead of reinvesting it — taxable in the year of the exchange, up to your total realized gain.
See the full methodology and sources for every finance calculator
Disclaimer

Illustrative estimate only, not financial or tax advice. Verify figures with a licensed adviser or your local tax authority.